不同修复方法修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损的效果比较

目的探讨不同修复方法修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损的效果。方法选取口腔颌面部肿瘤根治术后缺损患者89例,根据最终选取的修复方案分为A组(n=49)和B组(n=40),A组给予股前外侧嵌合皮瓣修复,B组给予串联皮瓣修复。观察2组手术情况,采用华盛顿大学头颈肿瘤生活质量量表(UW-QOL)对患者术后生活质量进行评价,检测唾液中唾液酸(SA)及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平。结果A组手术时间、胃管拔除时间和经口进食时间分别为(6.30±1.19)h、(19.77±2.81)d和(20.32±2.19)d,明显少于B组(P<0.05);但A组皮瓣制作时间为(1.20±0.28)h,明显多于B组(P<0.05)。A组术后6个月UW-QOL量表中外观、吞咽、咀嚼、言语、肩功能、情绪评分分别为(63.29±4.54)分、(54.93±5.03)分、(47.12±6.02)分、(64.49±4.33)分、(82.20±5.43)分和(75.50±7.20)分,明显高于B组(P<0.05)。A组和B组术后6个月UW-QOL量表中疼痛、活动、娱乐、味觉、唾液及焦虑评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组修复后1个月唾液中SA和CEA分别为(7.29±1.33)ng/dl和(50.04±16.62)ng/ml,明显低于B组(P<0.05)。A组血管危险发生率为2.04%,明显低于B组(P<0.05)。A组和B组感染、皮瓣坏死发生率差异比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比较串联皮瓣修复,股前外侧嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤根治术后缺损有较好的效果,可以改善患者生活质量。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤预后判断的意义北大核心

目的:探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对初治前弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者预后的意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年10月,新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的165例初治DLBCL患者,确定了NLR(>2.77)在预后预测中的最佳临界值,采用Log-rank检验和Cox回归模型进行分析,评价治疗前NLR对无进展生存期(progression free survival time,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival rate,OS)的影响。结果:在入选的165例患者中,有67例患者治疗前NLR升高(>2.77),NLR升高与PFS和OS较短的患者明显相关(P<0.001和P=0.003)。多变量分析进一步表明,NLR>2.77是PFS的独立预测因子。结论:治疗前NLR升高提示DLBCL患者预后不良。     

Robotic-assisted central pancreatectomy: A minimally invasive approach for benign and low-grade lesions

BackgroundCentrally located pancreatic lesions are often treated with extended pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy resulting in loss of healthy parenchyma and a high risk of diabetes and exocrine insufficiency. Robotic central pancreatectomy (RCP) is a parenchyma sparring alternative that has been shown safe and feasible [[1], [2]].MethodsIn this article, we describe our operative technique and the perioperative outcomes of a series of RCP for low-grade or benign pancreatic tumors.ResultsSix patients (5 female and 1 man) with a median age of 51.5 (44–68) years underwent a RCP for 2 serous cystadenomas, 2 mucinous cystic tumors, 1 neuroendocrine tumor, and 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. There were no conversions, intraoperative complications, or perioperative transfusions. Median operative time and was 240 (230–291) minutes and median blood loss was 100 (100–400) ml. The median hospital stay was 8 (5–27) days. There were no mortalities, reoperations, or readmissions. One patient developed a grade B pancreatic fistula which was successfully managed conservatively. All resections had free margins and the median tumor size was 2.5 (1.5–3.5) cm. After a mean follow-up of 46 months, no patients presented new-onset diabetes or exocrine insufficiency.ConclusionsRCP represents the least invasive option for both the patient and the pancreatic parenchyma. With a standardized technique, RCP results in low postoperative morbidity and excellent long-term pancreatic function. Although our results are excellent, POPF still represents the main complication of central pancreatectomy with an incidence ranging from 0 to 80% depending on multiple factors such as the surgeon, technique, and pancreatic texture.     

Time-varying prognostic value of primary tumor sidedness in metastatic colorectal cancer: A population-based study and meta-analysis

We studied the prognostic value of primary tumor sidedness in metastatic colorectal cancer over time and across treatment lines. Population data on synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer patients were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and SEER database. Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched for prospective studies on metastatic colorectal cancer to conduct a meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria consisted of metastatic disease, systemic treatment with palliative intent and specification of primary tumor location. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. For the population-based data, multivariable Cox models were constructed. The Grambsch-Therneau test was conducted to evaluate the potential time-varying nature of sidedness. Meta-regression incorporating treatment-line as variable was conducted to test the pre-specified hypothesis that the prognostic value of sidedness varies over time. Analysis of 12 885 and 16 160 synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer patients registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry and SEER database, respectively, indicated a time-varying prognostic value of sidedness (P < .01). Thirty-one studies were selected for the meta-analysis (9558 patients for overall survival analysis). Pooled univariable hazard ratio_{left-sided/right-sided} for overall survival was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65-0.76) in 1st-line, 0.76 (0.54-1.06) in 2nd-line and 1.01 (0.86-1.19) in 3rd-line studies. Hazard ratios were significantly influenced by treatment line (P = .035). The prognostic value of sidedness of the primary tumor in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with palliative systemic therapy decreases over time since diagnosis, suggesting that sidedness may not be a useful stratification factor in late-line trials. This decrease in prognostic value should be taken into account when providing prognostic information to patients.     

The role of orthodontics in management of obstructive sleep apnea

Dental sleep medicine is the field of dental practice that deals with the management of sleep-related breathing disorders, which includes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults and children. Depending on the developmental age of the patient and the cause of the apnea dental treatment options may vary. For adult patients, treatment modalities may include oral appliance therapy (OAT), orthognathic surgery and surgical or miniscrew supported palatal expansion. While for children, treatment may include non-surgical maxillary expansion and orthodontic functional appliances. Many physicians and dentists are unaware of the role dentistry, particularly orthodontics, may play in the interdisciplinary management of these disorders. This review article is an attempt to compile evidence-based relevant information on the role of orthodontists/sleep dentists in the screening, diagnosis, and management of sleep apnea. Oral sleep appliance mechanisms of action, selective efficacy, and the medical physiological outcomes are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how orthodontists and sleep physicians can work in tandem to maximize the benefits and minimize the side effects while treating patients with OSA.     

2022年上海市医师协会全科医师分会年会主题报告（一）

本文内容来源于2022年7月22日由上海市医师协会、上海市医师协会全科医师分会主办的"第二届海上全科医师论坛"，主要包括《基层医疗在整合医疗中的作用》《创建全科医学科为国家临床重点专科》《上海市基层卫生发展趋势》《拥抱变化，更好更强》四部分。其中，《基层医疗在整合医疗中的作用》从整合程度、整合层面、整合方向3个维度阐释了"整合医疗"的概念与内涵，并就整合医疗在制度、管理、支付、服务模式、技术应用5个层面的实现路径做了详细介绍；在分析基层医疗和整合医疗共性特征的基础上，阐释基层医疗在上述5个层面对整合医疗的助推作用。《创建全科医学科为国家临床重点专科》从全科医学科在卫生保健改革、满足居民卫生服务需求中的重要作用出发，阐述了创建全科医学科为国家临床重点专科的必要性，认为创建临床重点专科需做到：提高全科医学科学术地位，推进全科医学人才建设，提升全科医学科区域协同能力，形成全方位全周期健康照护专科特色，加快全科医学科研创新发展。《上海市基层卫生发展趋势》肯定了基层卫生对城市健康发展的贡献，提出在"大健康"的背景下进一步的重点工作为推进健康老龄化和实现出生人口提升计划；上海基层卫生的发展趋势在于创新，而基层卫生高质量发展工作的创新需要由全科医生作为推动者和牵头者，创造出新的健康服务模式。《拥抱变化，更好更强》，认为当前社区卫生服务的"薄弱"之处，并非发展之初的硬件或人员配置不足，而是体现在全科学科建设方面。全科医学领域工作者应主动面对和接纳当前国家健康战略的变化、健康需求的变化、医学模式的变化、自身发展/管理的变化，开展主动健康，应对多病共存，加强全-专结合，关注需方角度的服务评价，以助力全科医学学科建设。     

杨宇飞教授舌癌的中医康复治疗与验案两则＊

舌癌患者手术及放化疗后会出现构音障碍、吞咽困难、口腔黏膜炎、口干、营养不良等并发症，使患者生存质量下降，甚至导致肿瘤的复发转移，影响生存期，单一方法往往顾此失彼。依托于中国中医科学院西苑医院肿瘤康复基地，杨宇飞教授在国内外调研考察基础上，结合中国国情，构建了一种“门诊多学科肿瘤康复模式”，在舌癌康复方面，以患者为中心，以中医肿瘤内科为主导，多学科共同参与，结合康复科、口腔科、营养科、药剂科等各科优势，形成全程个体化规范序贯康复方案，对患者及早进行康复，在放疗前进行预防性干预尤其重要，使患者能够快速缓解手术和放疗的不良反应，患者获益明显。现取两个典型案例总结其舌癌多学科康复的经验，以期为舌癌的康复提供借鉴。     

Implementing Real-World RECIST-based Tumor Response Assessment in Patients With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundTo accelerate drug approvals while maintaining scientific rigor in the evaluation of a therapeutic's efficacy and safety, the United States Food and Drug Administration now considers real-world data (RWD) to support New Drug Applications and expanded indications. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are the gold standard in clinical trials, but the derivation of RECIST-based treatment response from RWD is unproven. This study investigated the feasibility of implementing RECIST criteria in RWD by comparing lung cancer response assessments from RECIST-based measurement of lesions on archived radiologic films with results from medical oncologist and radiologist narratives recorded in electronic health records (EHR).Materials and MethodsResponse to index treatment via different assessment approaches was compared among 30 metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients receiving systemic treatment (index) after progression on a platinum or anti-PD(L)-1-containing regimen. Specifically, responses based on assessments documented in the medical oncologists’ narratives were compared to a radiologist's assessments of archived images using RECIST v1.1 criteria. Each patient's best overall response was characterized as complete or partial (CR/PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), or not evaluable (NE).ResultsSimilar distributions of best overall response and substantial concordance (77%) between medical oncologist-reported and radiologist re-assessed responses were observed. There were no instances of CR/PR to PD or PD to CR/PR discordance.ConclusionsResults suggest that accurate treatment responses, similar to RECIST, may be derived using RWD. Further validation and improvement of real-world response assessment are needed to develop a scalable real-world approach for response assessment.